The cytokines GM-CSF and IL-5 are thought to possess largely divergent functions despite a shared dependence on the common beta (βC) chain to initiate signaling. Although IL-5 is part of the core type 2 cytokine signature and is required for protection against some helminths, it is dispensable for immunity to others, such as Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (H. polygyrus). Whether this is due to compensatory mechanisms is unclear. The transcription factor Bhlhe40 has been shown to control GM-CSF production and is proposed to be a novel regulator of T helper type 2 cells.
BHLHE40 Promotes T<sub>H</sub>2 Cell-Mediated Antihelminth Immunity and Reveals Cooperative CSF2RB Family Cytokines.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesMicroarray data on TH cell subsets from WT C57BL/6 and Bhlhe40 KO mice
Bhlhe40 controls cytokine production by T cells and is essential for pathogenicity in autoimmune neuroinflammation.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesImmune-Responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate under inflammatory conditions principally in cells of myeloid lineage. Cell culture studies suggest that itaconate regulates inflammation through inhibitory effects on cytokine and reactive oxygen species production. To evaluate the functions of Irg1 in vivo, we challenged wild-type (WT) and Irg1 KO mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and monitored disease progression. Irg1 KO but not WT mice succumbed rapidly to Mtb, and mortality was associated with increased infection, inflammation, and pathology. Infection of LysM-Cre Irg1 flox, MPR8-Cre Irg1 flox, and CD11c-Cre Irg1 flox conditional knockout mice along with neutrophil depletion experiments revealed a role for Irg1 in alveolar macrophages and LysM+ myeloid cells in preventing neutrophil-mediated immunopathology and disease. RNA-seq analyses suggest that Irg1 and its production of itaconate temper Mtb-induced inflammatory responses in myeloid cells at the transcriptional level. Thus, Irg1 modulates inflammation to curtail Mtb-induced lung disease. Overall design: Neutrophils were purified from bone marrow of naïve mice by negative selection using magnetic-activated cell sorting beads (Miltenyi). Neutrophil purity (>95%) was assessed by flow cytometry as the percentage of Ly6G+ CD11b+ cells. Neutrophils were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 1% non-essential amino acids at 37°C, 5% CO2. GFP-Mtb was grown to mid-log phase, washed with PBS, sonicated to disperse clumps, and resuspended in neutrophil culture media. GFP-Mtb then was opsonized prior to infection by mixing with an equal volume of normal mouse sera (Sigma) and incubation at room temperature for 30 min. Neutrophils were mock-infected or infected with opsonized GFP-Mtb at MOI 1 and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2.
<i>Irg1</i> expression in myeloid cells prevents immunopathology during <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject, Time
View SamplesImmune-Responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate under inflammatory conditions principally in cells of myeloid lineage. Cell culture studies suggest that itaconate regulates inflammation through inhibitory effects on cytokine and reactive oxygen species production. To evaluate the functions of Irg1 in vivo, we challenged wild-type (WT) and Irg1-/- mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and monitored disease progression. Irg1-/- but not WT mice succumbed rapidly to Mtb, and mortality was associated with increased infection, inflammation, and pathology. Infection of LysM-Cre Irg1fl/fl, MPR8-Cre Irg1fl/fl, and CD11c-Cre Irg1fl/fl conditional knockout mice along with neutrophil depletion experiments revealed a role for Irg1 in alveolar macrophages and LysM+ myeloid cells in preventing neutrophil-mediated immunopathology and disease. RNA-seq analyses suggest that Irg1 and its production of itaconate temper Mtb-induced inflammatory responses in myeloid cells at the transcriptional level. Thus, Irg1 modulates inflammation to curtail Mtb-induced lung disease. Overall design: Macrophages were obtained by culturing bone marrow cells in RPMI-1640 (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% non-essential amino acids, 100 U penicillin per mL, 100 µg streptomycin per mL, and 22 ng M-CSF (Peprotech) per ml for 6 days at 37°C, 5% CO2. Fresh media was added on day 3 of culture. After 6 days of culture, non-adherent cells were discarded. Adherent macrophages were switched into antibiotic-free media and seeded at 105 cells per well and 9 x 105 cells per well in tissue culture-treated 96 and 6 well plates respectively. In some cases, macrophages were treated with 0.25 mM itaconic acid (Sigma) for 12 h prior to inoculation with Mtb. Mtb was grown to mid-log phase, washed with PBS, sonicated to disperse clumps, and resuspended in antibiotic-free macrophage culture media. Macrophage cultures were inoculated by adding Mtb-containing media at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 and centrifuging for 10 min at 200 x g. Cells were washed twice with PBS to remove unbound Mtb, fresh culture media was added, and cells were incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2. In some cases culture media was supplemented with 0.25 mM itaconic acid.
<i>Irg1</i> expression in myeloid cells prevents immunopathology during <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection.
Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesImmune-Responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate under inflammatory conditions principally in cells of myeloid lineage. Cell culture studies suggest that itaconate regulates inflammation through inhibitory effects on cytokine and reactive oxygen species production. To evaluate the functions of Irg1 in vivo, we challenged wild-type (WT) and Irg1 KO mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and monitored disease progression. Irg1 KO but not WT mice succumbed rapidly to Mtb, and mortality was associated with increased infection, inflammation, and pathology. Infection of LysM-Cre Irg1 flox, MPR8-Cre Irg1 flox, and CD11c-Cre Irg1 flox conditional knockout mice along with neutrophil depletion experiments revealed a role for Irg1 in alveolar macrophages and LysM+ myeloid cells in preventing neutrophil-mediated immunopathology and disease. RNA-seq analyses suggest that Irg1 and its production of itaconate temper Mtb-induced inflammatory responses in myeloid cells at the transcriptional level. Thus, Irg1 modulates inflammation to curtail Mtb-induced lung disease. Overall design: C57BL/6N (WT) mice were purchased from Charles River. B6.SJL (CD45.1) mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratories. Irg1-/- mice (embryonic stem cells obtained from KOMP (C57BL/6N background), MGI: 103206) were generated at Washington University. Adult mice (6-13 weeks of age) of both sexes were used, and sex was randomized between experiments. Neutrophils were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting from the bone marrow of naïve mice (negative selection) or the lungs of Mtb-infected mice at 16 dpi (selection for Ly6G+ cells) (Miltenyi).
<i>Irg1</i> expression in myeloid cells prevents immunopathology during <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesUsing a transcriptomics approach we explored the mechanism(s) of synergy observed between CDKI-73 and fludarabine in primary CLL cells. The cytotoxic effects of CDKI-73 were associated with transcriptional inhibition of cdk9 target genes including MCL1 and XIAP. In contrast, fludarabine induced the transcription of these genes, an effect that was reversed by the combination of CDKI-73 and fludarabine.
A novel Cdk9 inhibitor preferentially targets tumor cells and synergizes with fludarabine.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesWe performed whole-genome transcriptomic profiling of RNA from mononuclear cells from bone marrow aspirates taken from healthy individuals. This study complements GSE58335: transcriptomic profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals. Overall design: High-throughput sequencing was done using the Illumina GA IIx. The RNA is from previously published samples (Stirewalt et al., Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2008, PMID:17910043)
Widespread intron retention diversifies most cancer transcriptomes.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesUsing RNA-seq, we characterize the global AS regulation of the eight Drosophila SR protein family members Overall design: RNA-seq experiments on two replicate samples from 8 individual SR protein knockdown (exptGroup=S), two replicates of simultaneous SR protein knockdown (XL6:B52 & SC35:B52) (exptGroup=D). Each exptGroup includes duplicate of its own non-specific (NS) controls.
SR proteins control a complex network of RNA-processing events.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesHuman myoblast cell line 54-1 is transfected with either a srambled control siRNA or siRNA against UPF1. Two days after transfection, cell were induced to differentiate by changing grow meida to differentiation media. 2 days after induction of differentiation, cells are collected for extraction of RNA. Overall design: Human myoblast cell line 54-1 is transfected with either a srambled control siRNA or siRNA against UPF1. Two days after transfection, cell were induced to differentiate by changing grow meida to differentiation media. 2 days after induction of differentiation, cells are collected for extraction of RNA.
The RNA Surveillance Factor UPF1 Represses Myogenesis via Its E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity.
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment, Subject, Time
View SamplesIn addition to its essential metabolic functions biotin is suggested a critical role in regulating gene expression. The first committed enzyme in biotin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthase is encoded by At5g04620 (BIO4). We isolated a novel T-DNA insertion mutant of BIO4 (bio4-1) showing a spontaneous cell death phenotype that could be rescued both by exogenous biotin and genetic complementation. The bio4-1 plants exhibited massive accumulation of hydrogen peroxide.
Biotin deficiency causes spontaneous cell death and activation of defense signaling.
Age, Specimen part
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