Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine are the most common treatment for major depression. However, approximately 50% of depressed patients fail to achieve an effective treatment response. Understanding how gene expression systems relate to treatment responses may be critical for understanding antidepressant resistance. Transcriptome profiling allows for the simultaneous measurement of expression levels for thousands of genes and the opportunity to utilize this information to determine mechanisms underlying antidepressant treatment responses. However, the best way to relate this immense amount of information to treatment resistance remains unclear. We take a novel approach to this question by examining dentate gyrus transcriptomes from the perspective of a stereotyped fluoxetine-induced gene expression program. Expression programs usually represent stereotyped changes in expression levels that occur as cells transition phenotypes. Fluoxetine will shift transcriptomes so they lie somewhere between a baseline state and a full-response at the end of the program. The position along this fluoxetine-induced gene expression program (program status) was measured using principal components analysis (PCA). The same expression program was initiated in treatment-responsive and resistant mice but treatment response was associated with further progression along the fluoxetine-induced gene expression program. The study of treatment-related differences in gene expression program status represents a novel way to conceptualize differences in treatment responses at a transcriptome level. Understanding how antidepressant-induced gene expression program progression is modulated represents an important area for future research and could guide efforts to develop novel augmentation strategies for antidepressant treatment resistant individuals.
Global state measures of the dentate gyrus gene expression system predict antidepressant-sensitive behaviors.
Sex, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesNumerous studies have established a critical role for BMP signaling in skeletal development. In the developing axial skeleton, sequential SHH and BMP signals are required for specification of a chondrogenic fate in somitic tissue. A similar paradigm is thought to operate in the limb, but the signals involved are unclear. To investigate the nature of these signals we examined BMP action in mesenchymal populations derived from the early murine limb bud (~ E10.5). These populations exhibited a graded response to BMPs, in which early limb mesenchymal (EL) cells (from the distal hind limb) displayed an anti-chondrogenic response, whereas BMPs promoted chondrogenesis in older cell populations. To better understand the molecular basis of disparate BMP action in these various populations, gene expression profiling with Affymetrix microarrays was employed to identify BMP-regulated genes. These analyses showed that BMPs induced a distinct gene expression pattern in the EL cultures versus later mesenchymal limb populations (IM and LT).
Regulation of BMP-dependent chondrogenesis in early limb mesenchyme by TGFbeta signals.
Specimen part
View SamplesTo more closely reproduce key cellular and stromal features of the desmoplastic reaction of cholangiocarcinoma in vitro, we developed a novel 3-dimensional culture modeling of cancer and stromal cells as a strategy for targeted therapies
Transforming Growth Factors α and β Are Essential for Modeling Cholangiocarcinoma Desmoplasia and Progression in a Three-Dimensional Organotypic Culture Model.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesAlthough not an affected cell type, skin fibroblasts from individuals with CC-ALD, an early onset X-linked neurological disorder, show defects in very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) metabolism that provide the basis for clinical diagnostic tests. Skin fibroblasts from CC-ALD patients can be reprogrammed into iPS cells with all the hallmark properties of pluripotency. The iPS cell phenotypes may reflect the tissue-specificity of the lipid metabolic defects found in CC-ALD patients.
The gene expression profiles of induced pluripotent stem cells from individuals with childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy are consistent with proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesAlthough not an affected cell type, skin fibroblasts from individuals with childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD), an early onset X-linked neurological disorder, show defects in very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) metabolism that provide the basis for clinical diagnostic tests.
The gene expression profiles of induced pluripotent stem cells from individuals with childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy are consistent with proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Loss of Lkb1 and Pten leads to lung squamous cell carcinoma with elevated PD-L1 expression.
Specimen part
View SamplesLung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a deadly disease for which current treatments are inadequate. We demonstrate that bi-allelic inactivation of Lkb1 and Pten in the mouse lung led to SCC that recapitulated the histology, gene expression and microenvironment found in human disease. Lkb1/Pten-null (LP) tumors expressed the squamous markers Krt5, p63 and Sox2, and transcriptionally resembled the basal subtype of human SCC. In contrast to mouse adenocarcinomas, the LP tumors contained immune populations enriched for tumor-associated neutrophils. Sca1+/Ngfr+ fractions were enriched for tumor propagating cells (TPCs) that could serially transplant the disease in orthotopic assays. TPCs in the LP model and Ngfr+ cells in human SCCs highly expressed Pdl1, suggesting a novel mechanism of immune escape for TPCs.
Loss of Lkb1 and Pten leads to lung squamous cell carcinoma with elevated PD-L1 expression.
Specimen part
View SamplesLung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a deadly disease for which current treatments are inadequate. We demonstrate that bi-allelic inactivation of Lkb1 and Pten in the mouse lung led to SCC that recapitulated the histology, gene expression and microenvironment found in human disease. Lkb1/Pten-null (LP) tumors expressed the squamous markers Krt5, p63 and Sox2, and transcriptionally resembled the basal subtype of human SCC. In contrast to mouse adenocarcinomas, the LP tumors contained immune populations enriched for tumor-associated neutrophils. Sca1+/Ngfr+ fractions were enriched for tumor propagating cells (TPCs) that could serially transplant the disease in orthotopic assays. TPCs in the LP model and Ngfr+ cells in human SCCs highly expressed Pdl1, suggesting a novel mechanism of immune escape for TPCs.
Loss of Lkb1 and Pten leads to lung squamous cell carcinoma with elevated PD-L1 expression.
Specimen part
View SamplesInteractions between the gene products encoded by the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes play critical roles in normal eukaryotic cellular function. Here, we characterized the metabolic and transcriptional properties of A549 lung cancer cells and their isogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted rho zero counterparts grown in cell culture and as tumor xenografts in immune-deficient mice. A manuscript summarizing our conclusions is under review.
mtDNA depletion confers specific gene expression profiles in human cells grown in culture and in xenograft.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesSMCs must undergo specialzed patterning during blood vessel stabilization. We used microarray analysis to identify differentially expressed genes as smooth muscle cells were induced to assemble into a network of elongated cords.
Fibroblast growth factor 9 delivery during angiogenesis produces durable, vasoresponsive microvessels wrapped by smooth muscle cells.
Cell line, Time
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