We used genome-wide expression analyses to study the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to stress throughout a 15-day wine fermentation. Forty percent of the yeast genome significantly changed expression levels to mediate long-term adaptation to an environment in which ethanol is both a stressor and a carbon source. Within this set, we identify a group of 223 genes, designated as the Fermentation Stress Response (FSR), that are dramatically and permanently induced; FSR genes exhibited changes ranging from four-to eighty-fold. The FSR is novel; 62% of the genes involved have not been implicated in global stress responses and 28% of the genes have no functional annotation. Genes involved in respiratory metabolism and gluconeogenesis were expressed during fermentation despite the presence of high concentrations of glucose. Ethanol, rather than nutrient depletion, was responsible for entry of yeast cells into stationary phase. Ethanol seems to regulate yeast metabolism through hitherto undiscovered regulatory networks during wine fermentation.
Dynamics of the yeast transcriptome during wine fermentation reveals a novel fermentation stress response.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesWe found that a small molecule inhibitor of PRMT4 inhibited cell growth of a subset of multiple myeloma cell lines. To identify biomarkers that predict the sensitivity of myeloma cells to PRMT4 inhibition, we performed transcriptomic analysis of multiple myeloma cell lines. Overall design: Amplicon sequencing of thirteen multiple myeloma cell lines was performed on the Ion Torrent platform. Steady-state gene expression profile of sensitive cells were compaired with that of insensitive cells.
TP-064, a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of PRMT4 for multiple myeloma.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesIdentification of the relationships of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), normal skin to various cell cultures. The effects of KS herpes virus, the infectious cause of KS, on infected endothelial cells are also investigated.
ARID3B induces malignant transformation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and is strongly associated with malignant neuroblastoma.
Sex, Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesIdentification of blood biomarkers that prospectively predict progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease might lead to interventions that combat the tuberculosis epidemic. We aimed to assess whether global gene expression measured in whole blood of healthy people allowed identification of prospective signatures of risk of active tuberculosis disease. RESULTS:Between July 6, 2005, and April 23, 2007, we enrolled 6363 from the ACS study and 4466 from independent South African and Gambian cohorts. 46 progressors and 107 matched controls were identified in the ACS cohort. A 16 gene signature of risk was identified. The signature predicted tuberculosis progression with a sensitivity of 66·1% (95% CI 63·2–68·9) and a specificity of 80·6% (79·2–82·0) in the 12 months preceding tuberculosis diagnosis. The risk signature was validated in an untouched group of adolescents (p=0·018 for RNA sequencing and p=0·0095 for qRT-PCR) and in the independent South African and Gambian cohorts (p values <0·0001 by qRT-PCR) with a sensitivity of 53·7% (42·6–64·3) and a specificity of 82·8% (76·7–86) in 12 months preceding tuberculosis. Interpretation: The whole blood tuberculosis risk signature prospectively identified people at risk of developing active tuberculosis, opening the possibility for targeted intervention to prevent the disease. Overall design: In this prospective cohort study, we followed up healthy, South African adolescents aged 12–18 years from the adolescent cohort study (ACS) who were infected with M tuberculosis for 2 years. We collected blood samples from study participants every 6 months and monitored the adolescents for progression to tuberculosis disease. A prospective signature of risk was derived from whole blood RNA sequencing data by comparing participants who developed active tuberculosis disease (progressors) with those who remained healthy (matched controls). After adaptation to multiplex qRT-PCR, the signature was used to predict tuberculosis disease in untouched adolescent samples and in samples from independent cohorts of South African and Gambian adult progressors and controls. Participants of the independent cohorts were household contacts of adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis disease.
A blood RNA signature for tuberculosis disease risk: a prospective cohort study.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Race, Subject
View SamplesshRNAs were assessed for off-target effects by comparing the gene expression profiles of cells that they had been infected into. shRNAs designed with the shERWOOD algorithm and house in the ultramir microRNA scafold were found to have very little off targeting. Overall design: Purpose: A major detriment to RNAi is off-targeting. We wished to assess the level of off targeting of microRNA (ultramiR) housed shERWOOD shRNAs as compared to similar shRNAs in the TRC collection. Methods: 5 shRNAs targeting each of two genes were infected into the 4T1 cell line. For each gene one shRNA was selected from the TRC collection and one based on the shERWOOD algorithm. For each gene, the exrpession profiles of the corresponding shRNA infected cells were compared using RNAseq. Conclusions: Highly similar profiles were observed between shERWOOD selected shRNAs. TRC shRNAs produced profiles indicative of off-targeting.
A computational algorithm to predict shRNA potency.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Specificity and heterogeneity of terahertz radiation effect on gene expression in mouse mesenchymal stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe report that terahertz (THz) irradiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells with a pulsed broadband (centered at 10 THz) source, or a single-frequency, 2.52 THz, (SF) laser source, both with weak average power (<1mW/cm2), results in specific heterogenic changes in gene expression. The insignificant differential expression of heat shock and stress related genes as well as our temperature measurements imply a non-thermal response. The microarray survey and RT-PCR experiments demonstrate that at different irradiation conditions distinct groups of genes are activated. Stem cells irradiated for 12 hours with the broadband THz source exhibit an accelerated differentiation toward adipose phenotype, while the 2-hour (broadband or SF) irradiation affects genes transcriptionally active in pluripotent stem cells. Phenotypic and gene expression differences suggest that the THz effect depends on irradiation parameters such as duration and type of THz source, and on the level of stem cell differentiation. Computer simulations of the core promoters of two pluripotency markers reveal association between gene upregulation and propensity for DNA breathing. We propose that THz radiation has potential for non-contact control of cellular gene expression.
Specificity and heterogeneity of terahertz radiation effect on gene expression in mouse mesenchymal stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe report that terahertz (THz) irradiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells with a pulsed broadband (centered at 10 THz) source, or a single-frequency, 2.52 THz, (SF) laser source, both with weak average power (<1mW/cm2), results in specific heterogenic changes in gene expression. The insignificant differential expression of heat shock and stress related genes as well as our temperature measurements imply a non-thermal response. The microarray survey and RT-PCR experiments demonstrate that at different irradiation conditions distinct groups of genes are activated. Stem cells irradiated for 12 hours with the broadband THz source exhibit an accelerated differentiation toward adipose phenotype, while the 2-hour (broadband or SF) irradiation affects genes transcriptionally active in pluripotent stem cells. Phenotypic and gene expression differences suggest that the THz effect depends on irradiation parameters such as duration and type of THz source, and on the level of stem cell differentiation. Computer simulations of the core promoters of two pluripotency markers reveal association between gene upregulation and propensity for DNA breathing. We propose that THz radiation has potential for non-contact control of cellular gene expression.
Specificity and heterogeneity of terahertz radiation effect on gene expression in mouse mesenchymal stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe report that terahertz (THz) irradiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells with a pulsed broadband (centered at 10 THz) source, or a single-frequency, 2.52 THz, (SF) laser source, both with weak average power (<1mW/cm2), results in specific heterogenic changes in gene expression. The insignificant differential expression of heat shock and stress related genes as well as our temperature measurements imply a non-thermal response. The microarray survey and RT-PCR experiments demonstrate that at different irradiation conditions distinct groups of genes are activated. Stem cells irradiated for 12 hours with the broadband THz source exhibit an accelerated differentiation toward adipose phenotype, while the 2-hour (broadband or SF) irradiation affects genes transcriptionally active in pluripotent stem cells. Phenotypic and gene expression differences suggest that the THz effect depends on irradiation parameters such as duration and type of THz source, and on the level of stem cell differentiation. Computer simulations of the core promoters of two pluripotency markers reveal association between gene upregulation and propensity for DNA breathing. We propose that THz radiation has potential for non-contact control of cellular gene expression.
Specificity and heterogeneity of terahertz radiation effect on gene expression in mouse mesenchymal stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesGene expression study of human and Chimpanzee iPS cell.
New type of Sendai virus vector provides transgene-free iPS cells derived from chimpanzee blood.
Specimen part
View Samples