Fracture healing is a highly complex regenerative process. The sheep is an important large-animal model for studying delayed fracture healing. Here we used next-generation sequencing (Illimuna GA IIx) for gene expression analysis (RNAseq) in two conditional groups - standard and delayed healing. In both groups sequential biopsies 7, 11, 14 and 21 days after surgery were collected from callus tissue and annalized. For all timepoints and conditions the samples were pooled (n=6), except for day 21 standard (n=5).
Composite transcriptome assembly of RNA-seq data in a sheep model for delayed bone healing.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesType I Interferons encompasses a large family of closely related cytokines comprising of at least 13 IFN- isotypes and single IFN-. Both IFN- and IFN- exert their activity through a common receptor IFNAR. Type I Interferons have broad regulatory effects and various subtypes of dendritic cells are influenced by this cytokines. In our study we asked question whether the low, constitutive levels of type I Interferons produced under steady state conditions are important for proper function of splenic conventional dendritic cells.
Absence of IFN-beta impairs antigen presentation capacity of splenic dendritic cells via down-regulation of heat shock protein 70.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesTo gain insights into the interplay between DNA methylation and gene regulation we generated a basepair resolution reference map of the mouse methylome in stem cells and neurons. High genome coverage allowed for a novel quantitative analysis of local methylation states, which identified Low Methylated Regions (LMR) with an average methylation of 30%. These regions are evolutionary conserved, reside outside of CpG islands and distal to promoters. They represent regulatory regions evidenced by their DNaseI hypersensitivity and chromatin marks of enhancer elements. LMRs are occupied by transcription factors (TF) and their reduced methylation requires TF binding while introduction of TF binding sites creates LMRs de novo. This dependency on TF activity is further evident when comparing the methylomes of embryonic stem cells and derived neuronal cells. LMRs present in both cell types are occupied by broadly expressed factors, while LMRs present at only one state are occupied by cell-type specific TFs. Methylome data can thus enhance the prediction of occupied TF binding sites and identification of active regulatory regions genome-wide. Our study provides reference methylomes for the mouse at two cell states, identifies a novel and highly dynamic feature of the epigenome that defines distal regulatory elements and shows that transcription factor binding dynamically shapes mammalian methylomes. Overall design: Strand specific expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
DNA-binding factors shape the mouse methylome at distal regulatory regions.
Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View SamplesIn this study gene expression profiles for 307 cases of advanced bladder cancers were compared to molecular phenotype at the tumor cell level. TUR-B tissue for RNA extraction was macrodissected from the close vicinity of the tissue sampled for immunohistochemistry to ensure high-quality sampling and to minimize the effects of intra-tumor heterogeneity. Despite excellent agreement between gene expression values and IHC-score at the single marker level, broad differences emerge when samples are clustered at the global mRNA versus tumor cell (IHC) levels. Classification at the different levels give different results in a systematic fashion, which implicates that analysis at both levels is required for optimal subtype-classification of bladder cancer.
Molecular classification of urothelial carcinoma: global mRNA classification versus tumour-cell phenotype classification.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe compared the transcriptome in E16.5 embryonic mouse cortex isolated by microdissection, in control (+/+) mice and in mice with mutation in frizzled3 (Fzd3) and Celsr3. Overall design: Triplicate RNA samples prepared for each genotype
Feedback regulation of apical progenitor fate by immature neurons through Wnt7-Celsr3-Fzd3 signalling.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesPolycomb protein group (PcG)-dependent trimethylation on H3-K27(H3K27me3) regulates identity of embryonic stem cells (SCs). How H3K27me3 governs adult SCs and tissue development is unclear. Here, we conditionally target H3-K27-methyltransferases Ezh2 and Ezh1 to address their roles in mouse skin homeostasis. Postnatal phenotypes appear only in doubly-targeted skin, where H3K27me3 is abolished, revealing functional redundancy in EZH1/2 proteins. Surprisingly, while Ezh1/2-null hair follicles (HFs) arrest morphogenesis and degenerate due to defective proliferation and increased apoptosis, epidermis hyperproliferates and survives engraftment. mRNA-microarray studies reveal that despite these striking phenotypic differences, similar genes are upregulated in HF and epidermal Ezh1/2-null progenitors. Featured prominently are a) PcG-controlled non-skin lineage genes, whose expression is still significantly lower than in native tissues, and b) the PcG-regulated Ink4a/Inkb/Arf locus. Interestingly, even though Ink4a/Arf/Ink4b genes are fully activated in HF cells, they only partially so in epidermal-progenitors. Importantly, transduction of Ink4b/Ink4a/Arf shRNAs restores proliferation/survival of Ezh1/2-null HF progenitors in vitro, pointing towards the relevance of this locus to the observed HF phenotypes. Our findings reveal new insights into Polycomb-dependent tissue control and provide a new twist to how different progenitors within one tissue respond to loss of H3K27me3.
EZH1 and EZH2 cogovern histone H3K27 trimethylation and are essential for hair follicle homeostasis and wound repair.
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View SamplesDynamical response to oxygen downshift under fermentation conditions was tested by taking sample before (S1) and after (S2, S3 and S4) the oxygen downshift. The dynamical changes relevant for ongoing research on physiology were applied.
Norvaline is accumulated after a down-shift of oxygen in Escherichia coli W3110.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesMouse hair follicles undergo synchronized cycles. Cyclical regeneration and hair growth is fueled by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). HFSCs regenerate hair in response to canonical Wnt signalling. We used RNA-seq to unfold genome-wide chromatin landscapes of ß-catenin within the native HFSC-niche. Overall design: ß-catenin control and cKO hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) at the onset of anagen skins were FACS-purified for RNA-sequcencing. Telogen quiescent hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) were FACS-purified for ChIP-sequcencing. Telogen>anagen activated bulge hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) were FACS-purified for RNA-sequcencing.
In vivo transcriptional governance of hair follicle stem cells by canonical Wnt regulators.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesBiallelic defects of the gene encoding for the intracellular enzyme 3’ repair exonuclease (Trex)1 cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS), a rare monogenic, lupus-like autoimmune disease, while heterozygous Trex1 loss of function alleles are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Trex1-/- mice develop lethal autoimmune multi-organ inflammation, which results from a chronic type I IFN response triggered by intracellular accumulation of a putative nucleic acid substrate of Trex1. This pathogenic nucleic acid is detected by the broadly, but not ubiquitously, expressed cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS, raising the question whether there are specific cell types that respond to Trex1 deficiency by production of IFN and induce autoimmunity. We generated mice with conditional knock out of the Trex1 gene and demonstrated that loss of Trex1 throughout the hematopoietic system and even selective loss in dendritic cells is sufficient to cause IFN release and autoimmunity. B cells showed no transcriptional response to Trex1 deficiency. Trex1-/- keratinocytes produced IFN but did not induce skin inflammation, whereas loss of Trex1 in cardiomyocytes triggered neither IFN response nor pathology. Trex1-deficient neurons and astrocytes did not release IFN in the CNS. In contrast, mice with selective inactivation of Trex1 in long-living CNS macrophages such as microglia locally produced IFN but did not reproduce the mild encephalitis seen in Trex1-/- mice. Collectively, individual cell types differentially respond to the loss of Trex1 and dendritic cells seem promising candidates for experiments addressing the molecular pathomechanism in Trex1 deficiency. Overall design: We sorted CD19-positive B cells from spleens of Trex1fl/fl CD19-Cre+ and Trex1fl/fl CD19-Cre- mice and isolated total RNA for library construction to perform mRNA deep sequencing.
Loss of Trex1 in Dendritic Cells Is Sufficient To Trigger Systemic Autoimmunity.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Concurrent gene signatures for han chinese breast cancers.
Specimen part
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