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Homo sapiens
6 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Thirty to 60% of CD56dimCD16bright NK cells in healthy adults express CD57, which is not expressed on immature CD56bright NK cells or fetal and newborn NK cells. We hypothesized that CD57+ NK cells within the CD56dim mature NK cell subset are highly mature and might be terminally differentiated.
Publication Title
CD57 defines a functionally distinct population of mature NK cells in the human CD56dimCD16+ NK-cell subset.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Array (mouse430a2)
Description
FTY720/Fingolimod, an FDA-approved drug for treatment of multiple sclerosis, has beneficial effects in the CNS that are not yet well understood, independent of its effects on immune cell trafficking. Here we show that FTY720 enters the nucleus where it is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) and nuclear FTY720-P that accumulates there, binds and inhibits class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) enhancing specific histone acetylations. FTY720 is also phosphorylated in mice and accumulates in various brain regions, including hippocampus, inhibits HDACs and enhances histone acetylation and gene expression programs associated with memory and learning leading to improvement of memory impairment independently of its immunosuppressive actions. Our data suggest that sphingosine-1-phosphate and SphK2 play specific roles in memory functions and that FTY720 may be a useful adjuvant therapy to facilitate extinction of aversive memories.
Publication Title
Active, phosphorylated fingolimod inhibits histone deacetylases and facilitates fear extinction memory.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
ERα-dependent E2F transcription can mediate resistance to estrogen deprivation in human breast cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
A significant fraction of breast cancers exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to estrogen deprivation. To model resistance to aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy, long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) derivatives of MCF-7 and HCC-1428 cells were generated through culture for 3 and 7 months under hormone-depleted conditions, respectively. These LTED cells showed sensitivity to the ER downregulator fulvestrant under hormone-depleted conditions, suggesting continued dependence upon ER signaling for hormone-independent growth. To evaluate the role of ER in hormone-independent growth, LTED cells were treated +/- 1 uM fulvestrant x 48 h before RNA was harvested for gene expression analysis.
Publication Title
ERα-dependent E2F transcription can mediate resistance to estrogen deprivation in human breast cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
RNA from circulating blood reticulocytes was utilized to provide a robust description of genes transcribed at the final stages of erythroblast maturation. After depletion of leukocytes and platelets, Affymetrix HG-U133Plus 2.0 arrays were hybridized with probe from total RNA isolated from blood sampled from 6 umbilical cords and 6 healthy adult humans.
Publication Title
Let-7 microRNAs are developmentally regulated in circulating human erythroid cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Arabidopsis thaliana
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 4000
Description
EML1 and EML3 were previously shown to be histone readers involved in plant-pathogen interactions. To learn more about the developmental function of EML1 and EML3, we generated eml1 eml3 double mutant and showed that it had specific seed developmental phenotypes, including a capability to develop seed without fertilization. Next, we analyzed the mRNA expression of genes in the eml1 eml3 double mutant and compared it to its wild type. Differentially expressed (DE) genes in the mutant were identified and compared with DE of the mutants known to be involved in regulating seed development and in fertilization-independent endosperm development. Our results suggest that some targets are shared between EML histone readers and known regulators of seed development, such as MEA. Auxin response seems to be affected in both types of mutants. However, unlike MEA, EML proteins regulate auxin responsive genes not only in the endosperm, but also in the embryo. This capability makes EML proteins very good candidates for engineering apomictic seeds. Overall design: 3 eml1,eml3 double mutant samples and 3 WT samples
Publication Title
Arabidopsis EMSY-like (EML) histone readers are necessary for post-fertilization seed development, but prevent fertilization-independent seed formation.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 22 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Hyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) promotes escape from hormone dependence in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
Publication Title
Hyperactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase promotes escape from hormone dependence in estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 22 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
Multiple sclerosis involves an aberrant autoimmune response and progressive failure of remyelination in the central nervous system. Prevention of neural degeneration and subsequent disability requires remyelination through the generation of new oligodendrocytes, but current treatments exclusively target the immune system. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are stem cells in the central nervous system and the principal source of myelinating oligodendrocytes. These cells are abundant in demyelinated regions of patients with multiple sclerosis, yet fail to differentiate, thereby representing a cellular target for pharmacological intervention. To discover therapeutic compounds for enhancing myelination from endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, we screened a library of bioactive small molecules on mouse pluripotent epiblast stem-cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Here we show seven drugs function at nanomolar doses selectively to enhance the generation of mature oligodendrocytes from progenitor cells in vitro. Two drugs, miconazole and clobetasol, are effective in promoting precocious myelination in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures, and in vivo in early postnatal mouse pups. Systemic delivery of each of the two drugs significantly increases the number of new oligodendrocytes and enhances remyelination in a lysolecithin-induced mouse model of focal demyelination. Administering each of the two drugs at the peak of disease in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis results in striking reversal of disease severity. Immune response assays show that miconazole functions directly as a remyelinating drug with no effect on the immune system, whereas clobetasol is a potent immunosuppressant as well as a remyelinating agent. Mechanistic studies show that miconazole and clobetasol function in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase and glucocorticoid receptor signalling, respectively. Furthermore, both drugs enhance the generation of human oligodendrocytes from human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in vitro. Collectively, our results provide a rationale for testing miconazole and clobetasol, or structurally modified derivatives, to enhance remyelination in patients. Overall design: RNA sequencing of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells treated with vehicle, miconazole or clobetasol for 0, 2, 6, or 12 hours. Cells were plated 1.5 hours prior to addition of drug.
Publication Title
Drug-based modulation of endogenous stem cells promotes functional remyelination in vivo.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
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GSE2189- Homo sapiens
- 18 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array (hgu133a)
Description
Human lung cancer (A549) cells were treated 50uM of the metal cation-containing chemotherapeutic drug motexafin gadolinium (MGd) for 4, 12, and 24 hrs and expression compared to control cells (treated with 5% mannitol for the same length of time)
Publication Title
Motexafin gadolinium disrupts zinc metabolism in human cancer cell lines.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 10 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.1 ST Array (mogene11st)
Description
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors regulating a large variety of processes involved in reproduction, development, and metabolism. NRs are ideal drug targets. Immortalized cell lines recapitulate NR biology very poorly and primary cultures are laborious and require a constant need for donor material. There is a clear need for development of novel preclinical model systems that better resemble human physiology since technical uncertainty early in drug development is the cause of many preclinical drugs not reaching the clinic. Here, we studied whether organoids, mini-organs derived from the respective tissues stem cells, can serve as a novel (preclinical) model system to study NR biology and targeteability. We characterized mRNA expression profiles of the NR superfamily in mouse liver, ileum, and colon organoids. NR mRNA expression patterns were similar to the respective tissues, indicating their suitability for NR research. Metabolic NRs Fxr, Lxr, Lxr, Ppar, and Ppar were responsive to ligands in an NR-dependent fashion, as demonstrated by regulation of expression and binding to endogenous target genes. Transcriptome analyses of wildtype colonic organoids stimulated with Rosiglitazone showed that lipid metabolism was the highest significant changed function, greatly mimicking the known function of PPARs and Rosiglitazone in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that organoids constitutes a versatile and promising in vitro system to study NR biology and targeteability.
Publication Title
Characterization of stem cell-derived liver and intestinal organoids as a model system to study nuclear receptor biology.
Sample Metadata Fields
Treatment
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