This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Atad2 is a generalist facilitator of chromatin dynamics in embryonic stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesAlthough the conserved AAA ATPase – bromodomain factor, ATAD2, has been described as a transcriptional co-activator upregulated in many cancers, its function remains poorly understood. Here, using a combination of ChIP-seq, ChIP-proteomics and RNA-seq experiments in embryonic stem cells, we found that Atad2 is an abundant nucleosome-bound protein present on active genes, associated with chromatin remodelling, DNA replication and DNA repair factors. A structural analysis of its bromodomain and subsequent investigations demonstrate that histone acetylation guides ATAD2 to chromatin, resulting in an overall increase of chromatin accessibility and histone dynamics, which is required for the proper activity of the highly expressed gene fraction of the genome. While in exponentially growing cells Atad2 appears dispensable for cell growth, in differentiating ES cells, Atad2 becomes critical in sustaining specific gene expression programs, controlling proliferation and differentiation. Altogether, this work defines Atad2’s function as a facilitator of general chromatin-templated activities such as transcription. Overall design: We used a siRNA approach to knock-down Atad2 and measure the resulting variations in gene expression by RNA-seq
Atad2 is a generalist facilitator of chromatin dynamics in embryonic stem cells.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesAlthough the conserved AAA ATPase bromodomain factor, ATAD2, has been described as a transcriptional co-activator upregulated in many cancers, its function remains poorly understood. Here, using a combination of ChIP-seq, ChIP-proteomics and RNA-seq experiments in embryonic stem cells, we found that Atad2 is an abundant nucleosome-bound protein present on active genes, associated with chromatin remodelling, DNA replication and DNA repair factors. A structural analysis of its bromodomain and subsequent investigations demonstrate that histone acetylation guides ATAD2 to chromatin, resulting in an overall increase of chromatin accessibility and histone dynamics, which is required for the proper activity of the highly expressed gene fraction of the genome. While in exponentially growing cells Atad2 appears dispensable for cell growth, in differentiating ES cells, Atad2 becomes critical in sustaining specific gene expression programs, controlling proliferation and differentiation. Altogether, this work defines Atad2s function as a facilitator of general chromatin-templated activities such as transcription.
Atad2 is a generalist facilitator of chromatin dynamics in embryonic stem cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Extrinsic Phagocyte-Dependent STING Signaling Dictates the Immunogenicity of Dying Cells.
Specimen part, Cell line
View SamplesThe ability of dying cells to activate antigen presenting cells (APCs) is carefully controlled to avoid unwarranted inflammatory responses. Here we show that engulfed cells only containing cytosolic dsDNA species (viral or synthetic) or cyclic di-nucleotides (CDNs) are able to stimulate APCs, via extrinsic STING-signaling.
Extrinsic Phagocyte-Dependent STING Signaling Dictates the Immunogenicity of Dying Cells.
Specimen part
View SamplesTransfected double strand DNA were required for the efficient activation of STING to activate innate immune cytokine.
Extrinsic Phagocyte-Dependent STING Signaling Dictates the Immunogenicity of Dying Cells.
Cell line
View SamplesSpecific vulnerability of neurons in the human entorhinal cortex has been associated with the onset of disease.
Differential gene expression analysis of human entorhinal cortex support a possible role of some extracellular matrix proteins in the onset of Alzheimer disease.
Specimen part
View SamplesWe report the effect of DKK1 treatment during culture on the length and transcriptome of embryos on day 15 of development, supporting the notion that changes early in development affect later stages of development. Overall design: Bovine embryos were produced in vitro and exposed to either 0 or 100 ng/ml DKK1 from day 5 to 7 of culture. Embryos were transferred on day 7 and recovered on day 15 for evaluation of length and transciptome
Dickkopf-related protein 1 is a progestomedin acting on the bovine embryo during the morula-to-blastocyst transition to program trophoblast elongation.
Treatment, Subject
View SamplesProgrammed mutagenesis of the immunoglobulin locus of B-lymphocytes during class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation requires RNA polymerase II (RNA polII) transcription complex dependent targeting of the DNA mutator, Activation Induced cytidine Deaminase (AID). AID deaminates cytidine residues on substrate sequences in the immunoglobulin (Ig) locus via a transcription-dependent mechanism and this activity is stimulated by the RNA polII stalling co-factor Spt5 and the eleven-subunit cellular non-coding RNA 3’-5’ exonucleolytic processing complex, RNA exosome. The mechanism by which the RNA exosome recognizes immunoglobulin locus RNA substrates to stimulate AID DNA deamination activity on its in vivo substrate sequences is an important question. Here we report that E3-ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 destabilizes AID-associated RNA polII by a ubiquitination event leading to generation of 3’-end free RNA exosome RNA substrates at the Ig locus and other AID target sequences genome-wide. Using highthrough-out RNA sequencing technology, we find that lack of Nedd4 activity in B cells leads to accumulation of RNA exosome substrates at AID target genes. Moreover, we find that Nedd4-deficient B cells are inefficient in undergoing class switch recombination. Taken together, our study links non-coding RNA processing following RNA polymerase II pausing with regulation of the mutator AID protein. Our study also identifies Nedd4 as a regulator of non-coding RNA that are generated by stalled RNA polII genome-wide. Overall design: Splenic B cells from Nedd4+/+ and Nedd4-/- B cells fetal liver chimeric mice were were stimulated in culture for IgG1 CSR. Total RNA was isolated and evaluated with whole genome RNA-seq
E3-ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 determines the fate of AID-associated RNA polymerase II in B cells.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesWe show the molecular and functional characterization of a novel population of lineage-negative CD34-negative (Lin- CD34-) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients at diagnosis. Molecular caryotyping and quantitative analysis of BCR/ABL transcript demonstrated that about one third of CD34- was leukemic. CML CD34- cells showed kinetic quiescence and limited clonogenic capacity. However, stroma-dependent cultures and cytokines induced CD34 expression on some HSCs, cell cycling, acquisition of clonogenic activity and increased expression of BCR/ABL transcript. CML CD34- cells showed an engraftment rate in immunodeficient mice similar to that of CD34+ cells. Gene expression profiling revealed the down-regulation of cell cycle arrest genes together with genes involved in antigen presentation and processing, while the expression of angiogenic factors was strongly up-regulated when compared to normal counterparts. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed the significant down-regulation of HLA class I and II molecules in CML CD34-cells. Increasing doses of imatinib mesilate (IM) did not affect fusion transcript levels, BCR-ABL kinase activity and the clonogenic efficiency of CML CD34- cells as compared to leukemic CD34+cells.
Molecular and functional analysis of the stem cell compartment of chronic myelogenous leukemia reveals the presence of a CD34- cell population with intrinsic resistance to imatinib.
No sample metadata fields
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