Differential gene expression was analyzed for FACS sorted Math1::Cre; ROSA-tdTomato from hand dissected cochlear nuclei of wild type and Hoxa2/Hoxb2 mutant mice Overall design: In order to investigate the role of Hoxa2 and Hoxb2 transcription factors in a subset of cells of the cochlear nucleus, we generated double conditional knock-out by crossing the deleter line Math1::Cre crossed with Rosa tdTomato; Hoxa2fl/fl; Hoxb2fl/fl and Rosa tdTomato wild type background. FACS sorted cells from hand dissected cochlear nuclei were than processed and RNA-seq performed (see extract protocol and library construction protocol).
Hox2 Genes Are Required for Tonotopic Map Precision and Sound Discrimination in the Mouse Auditory Brainstem.
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View SamplesElimination of peripheral retinal axons leads to changes in gene expression in both visual and somatosensory thalamic neurons.
Prenatal thalamic waves regulate cortical area size prior to sensory processing.
Specimen part
View SamplesLeiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a malignant neoplasm with smooth muscle differentiation. Little is known about its molecular heterogeneity and no targeted therapy currently exists for LMS. We demonstrate the existence of 3 molecular subtypes in a cohort of 99 cases and an independent cohort of 82 LMS. Two new FFPE tissue-compatible diagnostic immunohistochemical markers are identified: LMOD1 for subtype I LMS and ARL4C for subtype II LMS. Subtype I and subtype II LMS are associated with good and poor prognosis, respectively. The LMS subtypes show significant differences in expression levels for genes for which novel targeted therapies are being developed. Overall design: Gene expression profiling was performed by 3'' End RNA Sequencing (3SEQ), a next generation sequencing approach that does not rely on frozen tissue but can be performed on archival FFPE tissue. Samples included 99 LMS, 6 Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcomas (UPS), 3 leiomyomas, 4 normal myometrium samples, and 1 case of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). This study only includes the 99 LMS Samples. After gene expression levels were quantified by 3SEQ analysis pipeline, Consensus Clustering with bootstrap method was used to determine that the dataset contained three robust subtypes, and Silhouette analysis was performed to validate the subtype assignments. Two class SAM analysis (Significance Analysis of Microarrays) was performed to identify genes expressed differentially between each subtype of LMS with FDR of 0.05. Immunohistochemical staining was used to validate the potential diagnostic and prognostic markers from 3SEQ data on a tissue microarray.
Molecular subtyping of leiomyosarcoma with 3' end RNA sequencing.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThe vascular endothelium forms a physical barrier between blood and the surrounding tissue. Its constant exposure to haemodynamic shear stress controls endothelial barrier function which is of major importance for vascular homeostasis. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process remains elusive. Here we identify the shear stress-induced lncRNA LASSIE (linc00520) as a stabilizer of adherens junctions (AJs) in endothelial cells (ECs), that is indispensable for normal endothelial barrier function and shear stress sensing. Silencing of LASSIE in ECs resulted in impaired cell survival, loss of cell-cell contacts and failure to align in the direction of flow. RNA affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry identified several junction proteins associated with LASSIE, including the endothelial adhesion protein PECAM-1 and intermediate filament (IF) protein nestin. Proteomic analysis of VE-cadherin-associated proteins showed that LASSIE silencing reduces VE-cadherin interaction with nestin and microtubule (MT)-associated cytoskeletal proteins. We confirmed that LASSIE silencing results in a decreased connection between VE-Cadherin and the cytoskeleton, resulting in loss of barrier function and shear stress sensing. Together, this study identifies the shear stress-induced lncRNA LASSIE as a critical link between AJs and the IF cytoskeleton, which is indispensable for normal EC junction stabilization and shear stress sensing.
Long non-coding RNA LASSIE regulates shear stress sensing and endothelial barrier function.
Specimen part
View SamplesPurpose: Multiple studies from last decades have shown that the microenvironment of carcinomas plays an important role in the initiation, progression and metastasis of cancer. Our group has previously identified novel cancer stroma gene expression signatures associated with outcome differences in breast cancer by gene expression profiling of two tumors of fibroblasts as surrogates for physiologic stromal expression patterns. The aim of this study is to find additional new types of tumor stroma gene expression patterns. Results: 53 tumors were sequenced by 3SEQ with an average of 29 million reads per sample. Both the elastofibroma (EF) and fibroma of tendon sheath (FOTS) gene signatures demonstrated robust outcome results for survival in the four breast cancer datasets. The EF signature positive breast cancers (20-33% of the cohort) demonstrated significantly better outcome for survival. In contrast, the FOTS signature positive breast cancers (11-35% of the cohort) had a worse outcome. The combined stromal signatures of EF, FOTS, and our previously identified DTF, and CSF1 signatures characterize, in part, the stromal expression profile for the tumor microenvironment for between 74%-90% of all breast cancers. Conclusions: We defined and validated two new stromal signatures in breast cancer (EF and FOTS), which are significantly associated with prognosis. Overall design: Gene expression profiling by 3SEQ was performed on 8 additional types of fibrous tumors, to identify different fibrous tumor specific gene expression signatures. We then determined the significance of the fibrous tumor gene signatures in four publically available breast cancer datasets (GSE1456, GSE4922, GSE3494, NKI Dataset).
Next generation sequencing-based expression profiling identifies signatures from benign stromal proliferations that define stromal components of breast cancer.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesProfile gene expression from tumors that develop in mice bearing conditional activation of EWS-ATF1, compared to control mouse tissues from the chest wall as well as tumor samples from mouse models of synovial sarcoma and osteosarcoma achieved by conditional disruption of Rb1 and p53 Overall design: 13 clear cell sarcomas (5 started with Rosa26CreER, 4 with TATCre, 2 with Prx1CreERT2, and 2 with Bmi1IRESCreERT2), 7 osteosarcomas, 6 synovial sarcomas, 6 control samples
Modeling clear cell sarcomagenesis in the mouse: cell of origin differentiation state impacts tumor characteristics.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThe aim of the study was to generate transcriptome of wild-type and G9a mutant adult flies (females) 24h post-infection with Drosophila C Virus (DCV). Overall design: We generated 8 different data sets. For wild-type controls and G9a mutants, we performed both mock and DCV infection, and collected both whole flies and fat bodies. All flies were 3-5 days old females.
The epigenetic regulator G9a mediates tolerance to RNA virus infection in Drosophila.
Specimen part, Subject, Time
View SamplesWe infected Drosophila S2 cells (invitrogen) with Drosophila C virus (DCV) (Multiplicity of Infection = 10), and harvested samples for further analysis at 8 and 24 hours post-infection.
The heat shock response restricts virus infection in Drosophila.
Cell line, Time
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Dietary haem stimulates epithelial cell turnover by downregulating feedback inhibitors of proliferation in murine colon.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesThe risk for colon cancer is associated with nutrition, especially high fat and low calcium diets high in red meat. Red meat contains the iron porphyrin pigment heme, which induces cytotoxicity of the colon contents and epithelial hyperproliferation. Using a mouse model, we showed that heme caused damage to the colonic surface epithelium and induced compensatory hyperproliferation. Expression levels of heme- and stress-related genes show that heme affects surface cells and not directly crypt cells. Therefore, injured surface cells should signal to crypt TA cells to induce compensatory hyperproliferation. Surface-specific downregulated inhibitors of proliferation were Wnt inhibitory factor 1, Indian Hedgehog, Bone morphogenic protein 2 and possibly Interleukin-15. Heme also upregulated Amphiregulin, Epiregulin and Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA in the surface cells, however, their protein/metabolite levels were not increased as heme induced surface-specific translation repression by increasing 4E-BP1. Therefore, we conclude that heme induced colonic hyperproliferation and hyperplasia by repressing feedback inhibition of proliferation.
Dietary haem stimulates epithelial cell turnover by downregulating feedback inhibitors of proliferation in murine colon.
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Treatment
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