The contribution of altered posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus so far remains elusive. We have described that expression of microRNAs (miR)-143 and -145 is dysregulated in genetic and dietary mouse models of obesity. Induced transgenic overexpression of miR-143, but not miR-145, causes insulin resistance and impaired insulin-stimulated AKT activation. We used microarrays to analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-143-mediated development of insulin resistance.
Obesity-induced overexpression of miRNA-143 inhibits insulin-stimulated AKT activation and impairs glucose metabolism.
Specimen part, Treatment
View SamplesCells release nano-sized membrane vesicles that are involved in intercellular communication by transferring biological information between cells. It is generally accepted that cells release at least three types of these extracellular vesicles (EVs): apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes. Whilst exosomes are assumed to be a homogenous population of EVs, they have a wide range of putative functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that cells release subpopulations of exosomes with distinct molecular compositions and functional properties. Exosomes were isolated from conditioned medium by differential ultracentrifugation. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the resulting exosome pellet revealed the presence of two distinct subpopulations, one smaller, slow migrating population (HD-Exo), and one fast migrating, larger population (LD-Exo).
Cells release subpopulations of exosomes with distinct molecular and biological properties.
Specimen part
View SamplesIn order to study the gene expression profile in C57Bl/10 mouse blood, we exposed three different groups of animals. First was exposed to PO2 21% or normoxia. The second was exposed to chronic hypoxia (from PO2 21% to PO2 8%) and the third was also exposed to the same chronic hypoxia (CH) protocol but followed by two weeks under normoxia, and called as recovery group. The blood was extracted from inferior vena cava, the RNA was extracted, amplified and hybridized to Affimetrix MOE 430 V2.o chip. The results were analyzed using Partek Genome suite software. Using two fold cuttoff and 0% FDR parameters, we observed genes 512 diferentially expressed, of which one gene was up-regulated in both hypoxic and recovery condition, 202 were up-regulated during CH and then down-regulated after the recovery, 18 genes were down-regulated afteh CH and the up-regulated after recovery, ans finally 9 genes were down-regulated in both CH and recovery conditions.
Expression profiling reveals novel hypoxic biomarkers in peripheral blood of adult mice exposed to chronic hypoxia.
Age
View SamplesSevere loss-of-function alleles of DCL1 are embryonic lethal. Defects in cell division were seen as early as the globular stage in the strong loss-of-function allele dcl1-15. Phenotypic work with dcl1-15 and the null allele dcl1-5 suggested that, in addition to the severe patterning defects, the mutants were maturing earlier than wild-type embryos.
MicroRNAs regulate the timing of embryo maturation in Arabidopsis.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesTemporal coordination of developmental programs is necessary for normal ontogeny, but the mechanism by which this is accomplished is poorly understood. We have previously shown that two components of the Mediator CDK8 module, CENTER CITY (CCT/MED12) and GRAND CENTRAL (GCT/MED13), are required for timing of pattern formation during embryogenesis in Arabidopsis.
The Arabidopsis Mediator CDK8 module genes CCT (MED12) and GCT (MED13) are global regulators of developmental phase transitions.
Specimen part
View SamplesThis experiment aims to identify the biological pathways and diseases associated with the cytokine Interleukin 13 (IL-13) using gene expression measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Overall design: The experiment comprised of samples obtained from 3 healthy donors. The expression profiles of in vitro IL-13 stimulation were generated using RNA-seq technology for 3 PBMC samples at 24 hours. The transcriptional profiles of PBMCs without IL-13 stimulation were also generated to be used as controls. An IL-13R-alpha antagonist (Redpath et al. Biochemical Journal, 2013) was introduced into IL-13 stimulated PBMCs and the gene expression levels after 24h were profiled to examine the neutralization of IL-13 signaling by the antagonist.
Combining multiple tools outperforms individual methods in gene set enrichment analyses.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesThis SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Differential innate immune signalling via Ca(2+) sensor protein kinases.
Age, Specimen part, Time
View SamplesThe goal of this experiment was to identify the early responsive genes activated by the 22 amino acid peptide of bacterial flagellin (flg22) in Arabidopsis mesophyll cells that are involved in the initial responses important for plant innate immunity.
Differential innate immune signalling via Ca(2+) sensor protein kinases.
Age, Specimen part, Time
View SamplesThe goal of this experiment was to identify the early target genes of constitutively activated CPK5ac and CPK11ac in Arabidopsis mesophyll cells that are involved in early flagellin responses important for plant innate immunity.
Differential innate immune signalling via Ca(2+) sensor protein kinases.
Age, Specimen part
View SamplesThe goal of this experiment was to identify the early responsive genes activated by the 22 amino acid peptide of bacterial flagellin (flg22) in Arabidopsis seedlings that are involved in the initial responses important for plant innate immunity.
Differential innate immune signalling via Ca(2+) sensor protein kinases.
Age, Specimen part, Time
View Samples